What: Underpinning is a construction process used to strengthen and stabilize the foundations of existing buildings. It is often necessary when a structure shows signs of foundation settlement, needs to bear additional loads, or is undergoing renovation or expansion. Why: Underpinning is crucial for several reasons: It

What: Substructure works refer to the underground construction components of a building or structure, including foundations, basements, and retaining walls. These elements form the base that supports the entire above-ground structure. Why: Substructure works are essential because: They provide the necessary support for the above-ground structure, ensuring

What is Hand Dug caissons: Hand-dug caissons are cylindrical shafts created through manual excavation. They are typically used as foundations for light to medium structures in situations where machine access is limited or where high precision is required.   Why is Hand dug casisson used : Hand-dug

What is Bored Pile: Bore piles are a type of deep foundation used in construction projects. They are created by drilling circular holes into the ground to a specific depth and then filling these holes with reinforced concrete. Bore piles serve as the foundational support for structures,